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On August 5, a tourist escaping the summer heat encountered a wild giant panda strolling downhill near the Jiajin Mountain roadway in the Baoxing area of the Giant Panda National Park. Shortly afterward, the giant panda retreated into the dense mountain forest. Such encounters have occurred over a dozen times in the area since the beginning of this year. Coexisting with wild giant pandas has brought delight to both tourists and local residents.

During the first National Park Forum in 2019, General Secretary Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory letter to the forum and noted in the letter that by implementing the system, China aims to maintain the primitiveness and integrity of natural ecology, protect biodiversity and ecological security, and preserve precious natural assets for future generations.

On October 12, 2021, the Giant Panda National Park was officially established, accelerating Sichuan's transition from blueprint to reality in pursuing high-standard conservation and high-quality development, revitalizing the homeland of this national treasure.

Fortifying Ecological Barriers

To Ensure Stable Population Growth and Sustainable Reproduction of Giant Pandas

From the Macaohe Conservation Station of Yingjing Management and Conservation Center in the Giant Panda National Park, situated at over 2,400 meters above sea level, a meticulously "manicured" ring-shaped restoration corridor is clearly visible along the mountain ridge line. "This is a bamboo forest after manual thinning, designed to create movement corridors for giant pandas and other wildlife," explained Fu Mingxia, Deputy Director of Yingjing County Daxiangling Nature Reserve Management and Conservation Center. The habitat formerly fragmented by roads is now being strategically reconnected through scientific intervention.

The transformation brought by corridor restoration has been remarkable. A comparative chart presented by Fu Mingxia revealed that prior to corridor restoration, wild giant pandas were predominantly distributed along the periphery of the Daxiangling mountain range. Following rehabilitation efforts, infrared cameras documented intensive giant panda activities within the restoration corridors for three consecutive years from 2019 to 2021. "This demonstrates the gradual convergence of spatial distances between giant panda populations in the Daxiangling and Qionglai mountain ranges."

More significantly, this March, infrared cameras documented a mother-cub pair near the Niba Mountain corridor. This marks the fourth documented mother-cub co-occurrence within five years, confirming the area's recognition by giant pandas as a viable habitat for population connectivity.

Ecological conservation primacy stands as one of the three foundational principles guiding national park development. As of current reporting, the Sichuan section of the Giant Panda National Park has completed restoration of over 330,000 mu (approximately 22,000 hectares) of habitat and established more than 20,000 mu (about 1,333 hectares) of ecological corridors. Annual wild panda sightings during monitoring have increased from 178 to 185 individuals.

Enhancing patrol monitoring infrastructure and strengthening conservation capacities constitute critical measures for protecting ecosystems and sympatric species within the park's jurisdiction. The Sichuan section utilizes satellite remote sensing to detect land type changes in a timely manner and combines means such as drone surveillance and comparative imagery analysis to verify changing land patches and conduct routine checks on suspected anomalies. By doing so, it is accelerating the development of an integrated "space-air-ground-human" monitoring system. Currently, over 4,600 infrared cameras have been deployed across the Sichuan section, with average annual patrols reaching 85,000 person-times and exceeding 100,000 kilometers. The monitoring coverage rate is steadily enhanced.

As lucid waters and lush mountains become Sichuan's defining advantage and pride, the pristine ecological environment has unlocked vast potential for biodiversity conservation. Within this multidimensional protection network, 1,227 wild giant pandas coexist with over 11,000 rare species—including golden snub-nosed monkeys and dove trees—sharing a continuously optimized habitat. This has established a positive pattern characterized by stable population growth with upward trends and steadily improving ecosystem functions.

Accelerating Systematic Governance

Establishing the "Four Beams and Eight Pillars" Framework for the National Park System

"Previous sightings were confined to the Sichuan section of the Giant Panda National Park. This marks my first documentation of panda traces in the Shaanxi section." Yang Jun, Deputy Head of Weiba Conservation Station in the Tangjiahe section, excitedly recorded this in the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Gansu joint patrol log in May this year. This marks his third consecutive year participating in cross-provincial joint patrols with fellow rangers from Shaanxi and Gansu provinces.

The establishment of this trans-provincial team traces its origins to China's first cross-jurisdictional legislative initiative for national parks—the Decision on Strengthening Collaborative Conservation and Management of the Giant Panda National Park—enacted in July 2023. By establishing a multi-stakeholder participation mechanism, exploring efficient collaborative ecological protection models, and creating a trilateral coordination framework among forestry and grassland authorities (national park management agencies) of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu, the three provinces have institutionalized administration actions, including joint patrols and collaborative surveys, as regular management activities across their sections.

"Previously, our patrols were confined within administrative boundaries, potentially creating blind spots in adjacent areas of the three provinces," stated an official from the Tangjiahe section of the Giant Panda National Park. The clarification of governmental responsibilities, establishment of coordination mechanisms, and enhanced joint patrol efforts have effectively protected the park's ecosystem, achieving integrated conservation across the entire national park, the official said.

While enhancing management synergy, authorities must also conduct comprehensive baseline surveys of ecological resources. The Giant Panda National Park stands among China's first five officially established national parks. Recently, the Ministry of Natural Resources announced that all five first-batch national parks have completed natural resource rights registration, thereby obtaining their own "household registers". Within this framework, the Sichuan section of the Giant Panda National Park has resolved 331 ownership disputes encompassing 1,351.31 square kilometers; the resolved area accounts for 81 percent of the total contested area. A leading official from the Department of Natural Resources explained that the completed registration in the Sichuan section provides property rights assurance for the Giant Panda National Park's development. This initiative helps clarify the rights and responsibilities of natural resource asset owners and regulators, addresses issues such as undefined ownership entities, ambiguous boundary delineations in ownership, and inadequate protection of rights and interests, and thereby facilitates effective supervision and stringent conservation of ecological spaces.

Community Coordinated Development

Enabling Residents as Participants and Beneficiaries

What experiences await visitors in a national park? Longcanggou Valley provides a comprehensive answer.

The winding mountain drive from Longcanggou Town in Yingjing County to the Jinshan entrance of the Giant Panda National Park traverses diverse attractions, including a mountain sports park, a hot spring resort, ancient tree trails, and jungle adventure facilities. With the delineation of ecological conservation redlines and the relocation of villagers from the park's core areas, Longcanggou Town has embraced a development path leveraging its ecological advantages to integrate agriculture and tourism, following the principle of "human retreat for panda advancement". A leading official of Longcanggou Town stated that panda-themed cultural tourism has become the town's pillar industry: a 1-billion-yuan investment in the Mo Mo Home complex, development of Wannian Village's square bamboo industry base, and the upgrade of 70 homestays culminating in a Panda Homestay Alliance. Popular attractions like Panda Oxygen Homestays and Mo Mo Planet have gone viral, receiving 400,000 tourist visits annually with tourism revenue reaching 210 million yuan and village collective income surpassing 1 million yuan.

In the Mianyang section of the Giant Panda National Park, community development follows another approach. Over half of Pingwu County's territory lies within the boundaries of the Giant Panda National Park. Leveraging traditional industries like apiculture, local communities have transformed bees into converters that turn "lucid waters and lush mountains" into "invaluable assets". "Beekeeping causes no ecological damage while enhancing pollination for premium Chinese medicinal herbs like dangshen (codonopsis) and motherwort, boosting crop yield and farmers' income," explained Zhang Yubo, owner of the Maoxiong Valley Family Farm in Mupi Tibetan Township. He introduced that by upgrading beehives to improve honey output and quality, local households can increase their income by approximately 8,000 yuan on average.

Pingwu's development of its "sweet enterprise" serves as a microcosm of the win-win synergy between ecological conservation and community development achieved within the Giant Panda National Park. In recent years, various areas within the Sichuan section of the Giant Panda National Park have leveraged the park's establishment and surrounding premium ecological resources to develop compatible industries such as eco-friendly planting and green processing. Nineteen compatible industry bases, including ecological planting and under-forest farming, have been established, demonstrating significant income-generation effects.

National parks serve as exemplary demonstration zones for the harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. To facilitate harmonious coexistence between the national treasure and local communities, the Sichuan section of the Giant Panda National Park has established eight key gateway communities while creating over 3,000 public service positions, ensuring conservation benefits are shared with residents. Annual visitation for nature education and ecological experiences has exceeded 4.4 million person-times, achieving a win-win outcome for both ecological conservation and social value creation.